Viking Names
Kirkby in Ashfield
Kirkby in Ashfield, in the Broxtow Wapentake of Nottinghamshire, comes from Old Norse kirkja ‘a church’ and Old Norse bý ‘a farmstead, a village’. Ashfield is an old district name from Old English aesc ‘ash-tree’ and feld ‘open country, unencumbered ground’, though no mention of it has been found except in connection to Kirkby and Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire.
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Viking Names
Auda
A single instance of Auða is recorded in West Scandinavia (Norway and Iceland). It was unknown in Denmark but a few instances of Auða are recorded in Swedish runic inscriptions. The form Auda is recorded in a medieval Lincolnshire document. Auða is a short form of Old Norse names in Auð-, an element which is obscure in origin but is perhaps auðr ‘wealth’ or from the stem in auðinn ‘that befalls one’ and jóð ‘new-born baby’.
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Viking Names
Stixwould
Stixwould, in the South Riding of Lincolnshire, is a hybrid place-name from the Old Norse male personal name Stigr and Anglian wald ‘a forest; high forest-land’, which is topographically appropriate.
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Viking Names
Swarby
Swarby, in the Aswardhurn Wapentake of Lincolnshire, is an Old Norse compound formed from the male byname Svarri and by ‘a farmstead, a village’. Swarby is a joint parish with Aswarby.
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Viking Names
Beli
Beli is probably an original byname derived from the Old Norse verb belja ‘to bellow, roar’. No certain instance is recorded in Viking Age Scandinavia, though it is recorded as a giant-name in Old Norse mythological texts. Beli is suggested as the first element in Beelsby, Lincolnshire.
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Viking Names
Skardi
The Old Norse male personal name Skarði was originally a byname from Old Norse skarði ‘notch, hack’. A few instances are recorded as a personal name in Norway from the eleventh century onwards. It is also found as a byname in Norway and Iceland and in some Swedish runic inscriptions in the form skarþi. Skarði is possibly found in a Danish place-name and a strong form of the name Skarth appears in Denmark in the fifteenth century. The personal name may also be the first element in Scartho, Lincolnshire.
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Viking Names
Aswarby
Aswarby, in the Aswardhurn Wapentake of Lincolnshire, is a compound name formed from the Old Norse male personal name Ásvarðr and Old Norse by ‘a farmstead, a village’. The construction of the place-name is identical with that of Aswardby, in the South Riding of Lindsey in Lincolnshire. Ásvarðr is also the first element in the district name, Aswardhurn, and presumably both the settlement and the district names refer to the same man. Aswarby is now a joint parish with Swarby.
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Viking Names
Thormund
Þormundr is probabably an Eastern Scandinavian make personal name formed from Old Norse Þór- ‘the god’s name Þór’ and Old Norse –mundr ‘protector’. It is rare in Sweden, but a number of instances are recorded in Denmark including the form þurmutʀ in a runic inscription from the early Viking Age. The name was not found in West Scandinavia until the sixteenth century. Some forms of the place-name Thurmaston, Leicestershire seemed to be influenced by Þormundr in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
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Viking Names
Gauti
Gauti and the related Gautr are short forms of names in Gaut- or -gautr, or an original byname meaning ‘man from Gautland’. This region comprises the provinces now known as Östergötland and Västergötland in southern Sweden, and is the homeland of the Geats in the Old English poem Beowulf. Gauti is recorded in several Swedish runic inscriptions. Gauti is the first element of the place-names Gautby, Lincolnshire and Goadby Marwood, Leicestershire.
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Viking Names
Ketil
The Old Norse male name Ketill is widely used across the Scandinavian world, including the Viking diaspora. It is also common as an element in compound names such as Grímketill (in later times usually appearing in a reduced form as Grímkell) or Ketilbjörn. In place-names it occurs for example in Kedleston, Derbyshire, Ab Kettleby, Leicestershire and several names in Lincolnshire such as Ketsby and Kettlethorpe. The name is identical to the common noun ketill meaning ‘kettle, cauldron’, which is a loan-word from Latin catillus (a ‘small basin’ or ‘bowl’) in Germanic languages. This suggests it was originally a by-name and there are many suggestions as to how such a by-name might have come about, including because someone had a head shaped like a cauldron, or wore a cauldron-shaped helmet, or engaged in ritual activities using a cauldron. In any case, by the Viking Age it is well established as a given name, without obvious reference to its meaning. The element is frequent in the Danelaw, both as a name and as the first element of place-names. Occasionally, the place-names may contain the Old English cognate cetel/cietel/cytel, used topographically for a deep valley surrounded by hills, and often associated with springs or streams. Its use as a personal name, however, seems to have been introduced by the Scandinavians.
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Viking Names
Krok
Krókr, an original byname meaning ‘crook-backed’, related to Old Norse krókr ‘hook’, or possibly ‘crooked-dealer’. It is a rare and late personal name in West Scandinavia, but is more common as a byname early. The personal name is also recorded in Sweden and Denmark and is found in a Danish runic inscription as well as in several Danish place-names. Additionally, the name is probably found in Normandy. The name is common throughout the Danelaw and found in many place-names such as South Croxton and Croxton Kerrial in Leicestershire and Croxall, Staffordshire (formerly of the Repton and Gresley Hundred of Derbyshire).